#include #include #define FALSE (0) #define TRUE (!0) /* ** English to Phoneme translation. ** ** Rules are made up of four parts: ** ** The left context. ** The text to match. ** The right context. ** The phonemes to substitute for the matched text. ** ** Procedure: ** ** Seperate each block of letters (apostrophes included) ** and add a space on each side. For each unmatched ** letter in the word, look through the rules where the ** text to match starts with the letter in the word. If ** the text to match is found and the right and left ** context patterns also match, output the phonemes for ** that rule and skip to the next unmatched letter. ** ** ** Special Context Symbols: ** ** # One or more vowels ** : Zero or more consonants ** ^ One consonant. ** . One of B, D, V, G, J, L, M, N, R, W or Z (voiced ** consonants) ** % One of ER, E, ES, ED, ING, ELY (a suffix) ** (Right context only) ** + One of E, I or Y (a "front" vowel) */ typedef char *Rule[4]; /* A rule is four character pointers */ extern Rule *Rules[]; /* An array of pointers to rules */ int isvowel(chr) char chr; { return (chr == 'A' || chr == 'E' || chr == 'I' || chr == 'O' || chr == 'U'); } int isconsonant(chr) char chr; { return (isupper(chr) && !isvowel(chr)); } xlate_word(word) char word[]; { int index; /* Current position in word */ int type; /* First letter of match part */ index = 1; /* Skip the initial blank */ do { if (isupper(word[index])) type = word[index] - 'A' + 1; else type = 0; index = find_rule(word, index, Rules[type]); } while (word[index] != '\0'); } find_rule(word, index, rules) char word[]; int index; Rule *rules; { Rule *rule; char *left, *match, *right, *output; int remainder; for (;;) /* Search for the rule */ { rule = rules++; match = (*rule)[1]; if (match == 0) /* bad symbol! */ { fprintf(stderr, "Error: Can't find rule for: '%c' in \"%s\"\n", word[index], word); return index+1; /* Skip it! */ } for (remainder = index; *match != '\0'; match++, remainder++) { if (*match != word[remainder]) break; } if (*match != '\0') /* found missmatch */ continue; /* printf("\nWord: \"%s\", Index:%4d, Trying: \"%s/%s/%s\" = \"%s\"\n", word, index, (*rule)[0], (*rule)[1], (*rule)[2], (*rule)[3]); */ left = (*rule)[0]; right = (*rule)[2]; if (!leftmatch(left, &word[index-1])) continue; /* printf("leftmatch(\"%s\",\"...%c\") succeded!\n", left, word[index-1]); */ if (!rightmatch(right, &word[remainder])) continue; /* printf("rightmatch(\"%s\",\"%s\") succeded!\n", right, &word[remainder]); */ output = (*rule)[3]; /* printf("Success: "); */ outstring(output); return remainder; } } leftmatch(pattern, context) char *pattern; /* first char of pattern to match in text */ char *context; /* last char of text to be matched */ { char *pat; char *text; int count; if (*pattern == '\0') /* null string matches any context */ { return TRUE; } /* point to last character in pattern string */ count = strlen(pattern); pat = pattern + (count - 1); text = context; for (; count > 0; pat--, count--) { /* First check for simple text or space */ if (isalpha(*pat) || *pat == '\'' || *pat == ' ') if (*pat != *text) return FALSE; else { text--; continue; } switch (*pat) { case '#': /* One or more vowels */ if (!isvowel(*text)) return FALSE; text--; while (isvowel(*text)) text--; break; case ':': /* Zero or more consonants */ while (isconsonant(*text)) text--; break; case '^': /* One consonant */ if (!isconsonant(*text)) return FALSE; text--; break; case '.': /* B, D, V, G, J, L, M, N, R, W, Z */ if (*text != 'B' && *text != 'D' && *text != 'V' && *text != 'G' && *text != 'J' && *text != 'L' && *text != 'M' && *text != 'N' && *text != 'R' && *text != 'W' && *text != 'Z') return FALSE; text--; break; case '+': /* E, I or Y (front vowel) */ if (*text != 'E' && *text != 'I' && *text != 'Y') return FALSE; text--; break; case '%': default: fprintf(stderr, "Bad char in left rule: '%c'\n", *pat); return FALSE; } } return TRUE; } rightmatch(pattern, context) char *pattern; /* first char of pattern to match in text */ char *context; /* last char of text to be matched */ { char *pat; char *text; if (*pattern == '\0') /* null string matches any context */ return TRUE; pat = pattern; text = context; for (pat = pattern; *pat != '\0'; pat++) { /* First check for simple text or space */ if (isalpha(*pat) || *pat == '\'' || *pat == ' ') if (*pat != *text) return FALSE; else { text++; continue; } switch (*pat) { case '#': /* One or more vowels */ if (!isvowel(*text)) return FALSE; text++; while (isvowel(*text)) text++; break; case ':': /* Zero or more consonants */ while (isconsonant(*text)) text++; break; case '^': /* One consonant */ if (!isconsonant(*text)) return FALSE; text++; break; case '.': /* B, D, V, G, J, L, M, N, R, W, Z */ if (*text != 'B' && *text != 'D' && *text != 'V' && *text != 'G' && *text != 'J' && *text != 'L' && *text != 'M' && *text != 'N' && *text != 'R' && *text != 'W' && *text != 'Z') return FALSE; text++; break; case '+': /* E, I or Y (front vowel) */ if (*text != 'E' && *text != 'I' && *text != 'Y') return FALSE; text++; break; case '%': /* ER, E, ES, ED, ING, ELY (a suffix) */ if (*text == 'E') { text++; if (*text == 'L') { text++; if (*text == 'Y') { text++; break; } else { text--; /* Don't gobble L */ break; } } else if (*text == 'R' || *text == 'S' || *text == 'D') text++; break; } else if (*text == 'I') { text++; if (*text == 'N') { text++; if (*text == 'G') { text++; break; } } return FALSE; } else return FALSE; default: fprintf(stderr, "Bad char in right rule:'%c'\n", *pat); return FALSE; } } return TRUE; }